This paper investigates the impact of human capital development (life expectancy and labor productivity), energy usage, and environmental factors (carbon dioxide emissions) on the per capita economic sustainable development in Malaysia. We employed the adjusted net savings per capita (World Bank) to represent the economically sustainable development path in Malaysia. With the assumptions of possible structural breaks along the years of between 1971, and 2013, the Zivot-Andrews unit root test was performed on all of the variables concerned. Following the bounds test method, we proposed the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for the per-capita sustainable development path in Malaysia based on the impact of human capital development and environmental factors. We found that life expectancy, carbon emissions and energy usage have mixed significant effects on adjusted net savings per capita in both the short-run and long-run in Malaysia.
Sustainable development, Adjusted net savings per capita, Malaysia
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